Yellow fever is a potentially fatal viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Predominantly found in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America, it poses a significant health risk to travellers. Understanding its prevention, symptoms, and treatment is crucial for those planning to visit these regions. At Hodgson Pharmacy, we provide comprehensive advice and vaccinations to help you stay safe during your travels.
What is Yellow Fever?
Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus, a member of the Flavivirus family. The virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes or Haemagogus mosquitoes. The disease can range from a mild illness to a severe, life-threatening condition. It gets its name from the jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) that can occur in severe cases.
Symptoms of Yellow Fever
Symptoms typically develop 3-6 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The disease progresses in two phases:
Acute Phase:
- Fever
- Muscle pain (with prominent backache)
- Headache
- Shivers
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
These symptoms usually improve within a few days for most patients. However, about 15% of cases enter a more toxic phase within 24 hours of the initial remission.
Toxic Phase:
- High fever
- Jaundice
- Abdominal pain with vomiting
- Bleeding from the mouth, nose, eyes, or stomach
- Deterioration of kidney function
Half of the patients who enter the toxic phase lose their lives within 7-10 days, while the other half recover without significant organ damage.
Prevention and Safety
Preventing it is primarily achieved through vaccination and mosquito control measures. Here’s how you can protect yourself:
Vaccination
The yellow fever vaccine is highly effective and provides lifelong immunity for most people. It is recommended for anyone travelling to or living in areas where yellow fever is endemic. Some countries require proof of vaccination (known as a Yellow Fever Certificate) before allowing entry.
Mosquito Control:
Use Insect Repellent:
- Apply a repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus to exposed skin and clothing.
Wear Protective Clothing:
- Long-sleeved shirts, long trousers, and hats can help reduce mosquito bites.
Sleep Under Mosquito Nets:
- Especially important if you are staying in an area without air conditioning or secure windows and doors.
Avoid Peak Mosquito Activity:
- Mosquitoes that transmit it and are most active during the day, especially at dawn and dusk.
Treatment of Yellow Fever
There is no specific antiviral treatment for yellow fever. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care. This includes:
Hospitalisation
Severe cases require hospitalisation where patients can receive intensive care.
Supportive Care
- Rest
- Fluids to prevent dehydration
- Pain relief medications (avoid aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to the risk of bleeding)
- Treatment of secondary infections
The Importance of Early Diagnosis
Early diagnosis of yellow fever can significantly improve outcomes. If you develop symptoms of it after returning from an endemic area, seek medical attention immediately. Inform your healthcare provider of your travel history to ensure prompt and accurate diagnosis.
Countries at Risk
Understanding which countries are at risk can help you plan your travel more effectively. Yellow fever is endemic in 34 African countries, including Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya, and 13 South American countries, including Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. If you are travelling to any of these countries, receiving Yellow fever Vaccine is recommended. Always check the latest travel health advice before your trip.
Kindly refer to the travel guide on Travel Health Pro for more information on travel requirements for your destination.
It is a serious disease that requires proactive measures to prevent infection. Vaccination is the most effective way to protect yourself, alongside mosquito control strategies. At Hodgson Pharmacy, we offer comprehensive travel health services, including yellow fever vaccination, to ensure you are well-prepared for your travels.
Stay safe and healthy during your adventures. For more information, Contact Us or Book an appointment with us to receive travel tips and expert advice at Longfield, Bexley, and Medway Pharmacies..
Recent Comments